Asteraceae
Rough cocklebur
Xanthium strumarium
- Family
- Asteraceae
- Genus
- Xanthium
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Common names
By language (48)
- Arabic
- حشيشة الخزيرة, منج الماء, بذنجان بري, حسك, حشيشه الخنزيرة, خذني معاك, خروع بري, شبيط
- Armenian
- Դառնափուշ սովորական
- arz
- زانثيوم ستروماريوم
- Assamese
- অগৰা
- azb
- پیتیراق
- Azerbaijani
- Adi pıtraq
- ba
- Тилермән, Тилмерән
- Bangla
- আগরা
- Basque
- Basalapatx
- Belarusian
- Дурнічнік звычайны
- Bulgarian
- Влакнест казашки бодил, Рогачица
- Burmese
- ဝက်မြီးကပ်
- Catalan
- Llepassa
- Chinese
- 苍耳, 蒼耳, 蒙古苍耳, 欧洲苍耳, 粘头婆, 羊帶來, 胭木, 苍耳子
- Croatian
- Obična dikica
- cv
- Ахаль тикенек
- Czech
- Řepeň durkoman
- Dutch
- Late stekelnoot
- English
- Rough cocklebur, Cockle bur, Rough cockleburr, Spiny cockleburr, Canada cockleburr, Cocklebur, Kikania, Chayote
- Estonian
- Pugu-väärtakjas
- Finnish
- Karheasappiruoho, Vaaleasappiruoho
- French
- Lampourde glouteron
- Georgian
- Ღორის ბირკა
- German
- Gewöhnliche Spitzklette, Gemeine Spitzklette, Stechende Spitzklette
- Hebrew
- לכיד הנחלים
- Hungarian
- Bojtorján szerbtövis
- Japanese
- オナモミ, おなもみ, 巻耳, 葈耳, オオオナモミ
- kbd
- Банэдэгу
- Korean
- 도꼬마리
- lah
- چمبڑ بوٹی
- Macedonian
- Обичен бутрак
- Malayalam
- അരിഷ്ട, Bur weed, ചുഴലിപാറകം
- mzn
- مستک
- Nepali
- भेडेकुरो
- os
- Хуымæтæджы къæмдзыг
- Persian
- توق, توغ, زردینه, مستک
- Polish
- Rzepień pospolity
- Romanian
- Cornuț, Curnuț
- Russian
- Дурнишник обыкновенный, Дурнишник зобовидный, Холерная трава
- shn
- မၢၵ်ႇၵဵင်ၼႃး
- Slovak
- Voškovník obyčajný
- Spanish
- Bardana, bardana menor, arrancamoños, cardillo, Chayote
- Tajik
- Зардон
- Tamil
- மரு ஊமத்தை, மருளூமத்தை
- Thai
- กระชับ, ผักกระชับ
- Ukrainian
- Нетреба звичайна, Xanthyum strumarium
- Vietnamese
- Ké đầu ngựa, Thương nhĩ
- Welsh
- Penfachog garw
Synonyms
- Xanthium abyssinicum Wallr.
- Xanthium acerosum Greene
- Xanthium acutilobum Millsp. & Sherff
- Xanthium acutum Greene
- Xanthium affine Greene
- Xanthium americanum Walt.
- Xanthium americanum Walter
- Xanthium arcuatum Millsp. & Sherff
- Xanthium arenarium Lasch
- Xanthium aridum H.St.John
- Xanthium barcinonense Sennen
- Xanthium brevirostre Hochst.
- Xanthium brevirostre Wallr.
- Xanthium bubalocarpon Bush
- Xanthium californicum var. rotundifolium Widder
- Xanthium calvum Millsp. & Sherff
- Xanthium campestre Greene
- Xanthium cenchroides Millsp. & Sherff
- Xanthium chasei Fernald
- Xanthium chinense Mill.
- Xanthium chinense var. chinense
- Xanthium chinense var. globuliforme C.Shull
- Xanthium cloessplateaum D.Z.Ma
- Xanthium commune Britton
- Xanthium commune var. commune
- Xanthium cordifolium Stokes
- Xanthium crassifolium Millsp. & Sherff
- Xanthium cuneatum Moench
- Xanthium curvescens Millsp. & Sherff
- Xanthium cylindraceum Millsp. & Sherff
- Xanthium cylindricum Millsp. & Sherff
- Xanthium decalvatum Widder
- Xanthium discolor Wallr.
- Xanthium echinatum Murray
- Xanthium echinatum subsp. echinatum
- Xanthium echinatum subsp. italicum (Moretti) O.Bolòs & J.Vigo
- Xanthium echinatum var. cavanillesii (Schouw) O.Bolòs & J.Vigo
- Xanthium echinatum var. echinatum
- Xanthium echinellum Greene ex Rydb.
- Xanthium echinellum Greene
and 50 more.
Flowers
- In flower
- August to September (from 170 flowering iNaturalist observations worldwide)
Characteristics
- Growth habit
- Forb/herb
- Lifespan
- Annual
- In the US and Canada
- Canada: native, Hawaii: introduced, Lower 48 states: native, Pacific Basin: introduced, Puerto Rico: native, U.S. Virgin Islands: native
Photos
FlowerPhoto: Anne Parsons, CC0, from iNaturalist 
FlowerPhoto: Cheng-Tao Lin, CC BY 4.0, from iNaturalist 
FlowerPhoto: Dinesh Valke, CC BY-SA 4.0, from iNaturalist 
FlowerPhoto: Loïc Mathieu, CC BY 4.0, from iNaturalist 
Photo: George Chernilevsky, CC BY 4.0, from Wikimedia Commons 
Photo: Corey Koala, CC BY 4.0, from iNaturalist 
Photo: Shizhao, CC BY-SA 2.5, from Wikimedia Commons 
Photo: Lyrae, CC BY 4.0, from iNaturalist 
Photo: Olivier Pichard, CC BY-SA 3.0, from Wikimedia Commons 
Photo: Brandon McCracken, CC BY 4.0, from iNaturalist 
Photo: Ziegler175, CC BY-SA 4.0, from Wikimedia Commons 
Photo: Wynand Uys, CC BY 4.0, from iNaturalist
More in Xanthium
Sources: classification, synonyms from World Flora Online Plant List (2026-06, CC0 1.0); common names, popularity from Wikidata (2026-10-26, CC0 1.0); common names, US characteristics from USDA PLANTS Database (2025-05-29, CC0 1.0). About our plant data.