SimplePlant

Fagaceae

Holm oak

Quercus ilex L.

Family
Fagaceae
Genus
Quercus

Pets and kids

  • CatsNot sure
  • DogsNot sure
  • KidsNot sure
Why

Cats: Not sure

We found no reliable source on this plant for cats, so we don't call it safe. Keep it out of reach until you have checked with your vet.

Dogs: Not sure

We found no reliable source on this plant for dogs, so we don't call it safe. Keep it out of reach until you have checked with your vet.

Kids: Not sure

We found no reliable source on this plant for young children, so we don't call it safe. Keep it out of reach until you have checked with a doctor or poison control.

Ate some? Call your vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center at (888) 426-4435 (a fee may apply). For a child, call Poison Help at 1-800-222-1222 (US). If they are struggling to breathe or collapse, call 911. Don't give anything by mouth unless a vet or poison expert tells you to.

Holm oak (Quercus ilex)
FlowerPhoto: Irina Mitine, CC BY 4.0, from iNaturalist

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Common names

By language (60)
aeb
بلوط
Afrikaans
Holmeik, Steeneik
Arabic
سنديان أخضر, البلوط الأخضر, السنديان الأخضر, بلوط, درام, سندي, عفص, كروش
Aragonese
Carrasca, Lecina, Lecinera, Lezina, Lezinera
arz
سنديان اخضر
Asturian
Alguera
azb
داش پالید
Azerbaijani
Daş palıd
Basque
Arte, Artadi, Artea
Belarusian
Дуб каменны
Bosnian
Hrast crnika
Breton
Glasten
Bulgarian
Каменен дъб
Catalan
Alzina, Alsina, Alzina vera, Alzines
Central Kurdish
داربەڕووی هەمیشەسەوز
Chinese
冬青櫟, 圣栎, 聖櫟
Corsican
Leccia, Liccia
Croatian
Hrast crnika, Crnika, Česmina
Czech
Dub cesmínovitý, Dub cesmínový
Danish
Sten-Eg, Steneg
Dutch
Steeneik, Azijnhout
English
Holm oak, Holly oak
Esperanto
Anzino, Ilekskverko, Verda kverko
Estonian
Iilekstamm, Vahemere tamm
Finnish
Rautatammi
French
Chene vert, Chêne Vert, Chênes verts, Chênes-vert, Chênes-verts, Yeuse, Yeuze
Galician
Aciñeira, Enciñeira
Georgian
Ქვამუხა
German
Steineiche, Grün-Eiche, Grüneiche, Stein-Eiche
grc
Πρῖνος
Greek
Αριά
Hebrew
אלון הגלעין, אלון אילקס
Hungarian
Magyaltölgy
Icelandic
Járneik
Italian
Elce, Leccio
Japanese
セイヨウヒイラギガシ, コナラ属, トキワガシ, ホルムオーク, ヨーロピアンオーク
kab
Takarruct
kw
Glastan
Latin
Prinus
Latvian
Akmens ozols
Malagasy
Ôaka maitso
Maltese
Balluta, Siġra tal-ballut, Siġra tal-Ġandar
mwl
Carrasco, Azinheira
nap
Élece, Elece
Norwegian Bokmål
Steineik
Occitan
Elze, Euse
Persian
بلوط همیشهسبز
Polish
Dąb ostrolistny
Portuguese
Azinheira, Azinho
Quechua
Insina, Encina
Russian
Дуб каменный, Каменный дуб
sc
Elighe
Serbian
Црника
Serbian (Latin)
Crnika
Slovenian
Črničevje, Adraš, Zeleni hrast, Zimzeleni hrast, Črni hrast, Črnika
Spanish
Alsina, Carrasca, Chaparra, Chaparro, Charrasco, Encina, Encina con hojas de acebo, Encinares
Swedish
Stenek
Turkish
Pırnal meşe
Ukrainian
Дуб кам'яний
Welsh
Prinwydden, Derwen fythwyrdd

Synonyms

  • Quercus alpina Endl.
  • Quercus ballota var. grandifolia Colmeiro
  • Quercus ballota var. obovatifolia Colmeiro
  • Quercus bellota Colmeiro & Boutel.
  • Quercus castellana Poir.
  • Quercus crispa hort. ex K.Koch
  • Quercus cyclophylla Welw. ex Nyman
  • Quercus expansa Poir.
  • Quercus fagifolia hort. ex K.Koch
  • Quercus fordii Carrière
  • Quercus glauca Martrin-Donos & Timb.-Lagr.
  • Quercus gracilis Lange
  • Quercus gramuntia L.
  • Quercus ilex f. ambigua (Albert) C.Vicioso
  • Quercus ilex f. microphylla Trab.
  • Quercus ilex f. obesa (Albert) F.M.Vázquez
  • Quercus ilex f. stenocarpa (Albert) F.M.Vázquez
  • Quercus ilex f. urceolata (Martrin-Donos & Timb.-Lagr.) F.M.Vázquez
  • Quercus ilex f. vulgaris Cout.
  • Quercus ilex subsp. gracilis (Lange) Rivas Mart. & Sáenz de Rivas
  • Quercus ilex subsp. montserratensis Svent. & Marcet
  • Quercus ilex subsp. refugiorum Radic
  • Quercus ilex var. ambigua Albert
  • Quercus ilex var. angustifolia Lam.
  • Quercus ilex var. aperta Martrin-Donos & Timb.-Lagr.
  • Quercus ilex var. argentata Martrin-Donos & Timb.-Lagr.
  • Quercus ilex var. brachycalyx Borzí
  • Quercus ilex var. cerasifolia Albert
  • Quercus ilex var. conocarpa Ten.
  • Quercus ilex var. constricta Ten.
  • Quercus ilex var. cordifolia Albert
  • Quercus ilex var. crispa Lodd.
  • Quercus ilex var. crispata Albert
  • Quercus ilex var. cylindrocarpa Ten.
  • Quercus ilex var. denudata Ten.
  • Quercus ilex var. depressa Albert
  • Quercus ilex var. elegans Albert
  • Quercus ilex var. ellipticifolia Albert
  • Quercus ilex var. eucalyptoides Lojac.
  • Quercus ilex var. expansa (Poir.) A.Camus

and 73 more.

Flowers

In flower
March to May (from 338 flowering iNaturalist observations worldwide)

Characteristics

Growth habit
Tree
Lifespan
Perennial
In the US and Canada
Lower 48 states: introduced

Photos

More in Quercus

Sources: classification, synonyms from World Flora Online Plant List (2026-06, CC0 1.0); common names, popularity from Wikidata (2026-10-26, CC0 1.0); common names, US characteristics from USDA PLANTS Database (2025-05-29, CC0 1.0). About our plant data.